have no king” (v. 3) and the king’s being “like a chip on the face of the waters” (v. 7) refer to the instability of the monarchy in the Northern kingdom: the period between 747 (when Jeroboam II died) to 721 (when Samaria fell to the Assyrians) saw a succession of six kings, who were puppets of Assyria or were assassinated by usurpers. Hosea is quite right when he says they had no king to rule them. The results of this anarchy are mentioned in vv. 4–8—lots of empty talk, contracts with no substance
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